Immigration Lawyers and Migration Agents

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From 14 October 2024, the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) will be abolished and replaced with the Administrative Review Tribunal (ART). Legislation to abolish the AAT and replace it with the ART passed the Australian Parliament in May 2024. The transition marks a significant restructuring of the administrative review process in Australia. 

The key changes that are expected to take place as part of the transition include:

1. Implementing a transparent and merit-based appointments process 
2. Appointment of additional members to address existing backlogs 
3. Implementing sustainable funding arrangements 
4. Implementing a single and updated case management system to address risks 
5. Introducing procedural efficiencies and process improvements 
6. Implementing support services and emphasise early resolution where possible 

These reforms reflect a broader effort to modernize and improve the administrative review system in Australia, ensuring that it is more effective, efficient, and responsive to the needs of the public.

Common questions and answers 

What happens to my appeal with the AAT?

If you have an ongoing appeal that you lodged with the AAT, you do not need to worry. All matters currently before the AAT will continue as usual and will automatically transition to the ART upon its commencement on 14 October 2024. This is to ensure continuity for applicants without requiring any additional actions from them.

Do I need to submit a new appeal application with the ART?

No, if you have an ongoing appeal with the AAT, you do not need to lodge a new application with the ART as your application will automatically transfer to the ART as part of the transition.

Is the AAT still operating until 14 October 2024?

Yes, the AAT will continue to consider applications until the commencement of the ART on 14 October 2024. Until the commencement, you can still lodge or manage applications and other documents through the AAT website.

Are all decisions made by the AAT still valid?  

Yes, if you have an AAT decision that has already been finalised by the AAT, it will not be considered again by the ART.

We will provide further updates in relation to the expected changes as they are announced by the Australian government.

If you have an appeal and are unsure about how the changes may affect you, please feel free to contact us. 

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Sources:

https://www.ag.gov.au/legal-system/new-system-federal-administrative-review

https://www.aat.gov.au/about-the-aat/transition-to-the-administrative-review-tribunal

We understand that having a visa refusal can be disappointing and you can feel quite stressed and unsure of what to do. 

In this blog, we explain the appeal process and what you can do if your visa has been refused by the Department of Home Affairs.

Generally, you have the option to appeal the decision through a merits review or judicial review. The process for appealing a visa refusal can vary depending on the type of visa you applied for, and the specific circumstances of your case.

Merits Review

Basically, merits review is a process that allows a decision maker to ‘step into the shoes’ of the original decision maker for example the delegate at the Department and make a fresh decision based on the evidence before it. In Australia, this is usually undertaken by a body known as the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (or the AAT). 

Appealing the decision at the AAT

The refusal letter will state whether you can appeal the decision at the AAT. If you have this option, you must make sure to lodge your appeal within the time frame that is provided in your refusal letter. The easiest way to lodge your appeal is online through the AAT’s website. 

Once you lodge an appeal at the AAT, your bridging visa will continue until you get a decision on your appeal. 

Attending a Hearing 

The AAT will then review your appeal application. Due to a large number of applications, it usually takes a long time before you are invited for a hearing. At the hearing, you can present your case and any evidence to support your appeal. The AAT will then usually make a decision to affirm the Department’s decision to refuse your visa or remit the decision back to the Department for reconsideration.

We would recommend getting legal assistance from an Australian Migration Lawyer to avoid any issues with your appeal and put your best case forward, especially when preparing for your hearing. 

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Judicial Review

In cases where you don’t have a merits review option, you may be able to appeal the refusal decision in court.

Unlike merits review, judicial review does not involve considering the merits of the case or deciding what the right decision was. Instead, it looks at the process through which a decision was made and determine if it was made in accordance with the law. 

Another thing to keep in mind is that unlike an appeal to the AAT, your bridging visa does not automatically continue when you apply for judicial review. You will need to lodge a bridging visa application before your current visa expires. We’re here to help if you need any assistance with this.

Appealing the decision in court 

To be able to appeal the decision in court, you need to have grounds to seek judicial review for example there was a legal error in the decision-making process, such as a breach of procedural fairness or an incorrect interpretation of the law. You may need to get a Barrister to look at your case and assess if there are any grounds for judicial review. 

Filing an appeal application 

To begin an appeal at court, you will need to file an application with the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia and within the specified time, which is generally 35 days from the date of the refusal.

After this you will need to follow the court procedures by serving the documents to the other party within the specified time, and then go through the court proceedings by attending a hearing and waiting for the court’s decision. This process can be very long, and it can take several years before you have a hearing. 

It's important that you comply with all the requirements and deadlines for filing a court application and serving the documents as required by the court. 

It can be helpful to get legal advice from a migration lawyer to help you navigate your appeal process because I understand it can be very confusing and there are strict time frames you have to work with. 

Do you need help with your refused visa application?

Our team of experienced Immigration Lawyers and Migration Agents look forward to assisting you with your appeal application. 

If you have a Student Visa refusal, a Partner Visa refusal, a 482 Employer-sponsor Visa refusal, a 407 Training Visa refusal, a Graduate Visa refusal, a 491 Visa refusal, a 190 Visa refusal or any other visa refusal, we can assist you. 

Based in Adelaide, South Australia, we provide Australian immigration advice to people and businesses from all over the world.

You can book an appointment online or call us at (+61) 8 8351 9956.

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Picture this: you've been living in Australia for the last 10 years with your wife and child. You had a criminal history in your home country, but you moved away to get a fresh start and put that life behind you. You're here on a genuine visa and you're earning your keep by legitimate means. But then you get a notification from the Department of Home Affairs saying your visa has been cancelled due to "character grounds", and you have 9 days to lodge an appeal or you must leave the country. What are you going to do?!

Section 501 of the Migration Act 1958 gives the Minister for Home Affairs, or their delegate, the right to refuse or cancel a visa if they are satisfied that the visa holder does not pass the "character test". In addition, Subsection 501(3A) imposes an obligation on the Minister to cancel a visa if an applicant/visa holder fails the character test for specific reasons- which means if you tick the right boxes, the Minister must cancel your visa.

These laws have only recently been put into place but they apply retrospectively. This means that even though the law didn't exist when you moved to Australia and got your visa, it applies to you now. And that's how people find themselves in very difficult situations like in the example above.

What is the Character Test?

The character test is set out in Subsection 501(6) of the Migration Act and it lists a number of reasons for which a visa can or should be cancelled. The list is long, but it includes:

• having a substantial cirminal record
• having committed sexually based offences against a child;
• having committed offences while in or escaping from immigration detention;
• being involved in people smuggling or slavery; or
• being part of a criminal organisation (such as the mafia).

In our experience, the most common reason for cancellation of refusal is though incurring a "substantial criminal record".

Substantial Criminal Record

The Migration Act says a person has a "substantial criminal record" if they have been (and this is not an exchaustive list):

• sentenced to a term of imprisonment of 12 months or more;
• sentenced to death; or
• found unfit to stand trial, and has been retained in a facility or institution.

What Can You Do About a Visa Refusal or Cancellation for Character Reasons?

Refusal or cancellation decisions are appealable to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal. The tribunal is required to make a decision on the appeal within 84 days of the applicant being notified of the refusal/cancellation.

Just as with the Minister, the tribunal is required to weigh up the facts that arise in the matter with respect to Ministerial Direction 90, as follows:

Primary considerations:

• Protection of the Australian community from criminal or other serious conduct;
• Whether the conduct engaged in constituted family violence;
• The best interests of minor children in Australia;
• Expectations of the Australian community.

Other considerations:

• International non-refoulement obligations (not sending you back to a country where you will be persecuted);
• Extent of impediments if removed (how badly you would be affected by it if you are sent home);
• Impact on victims; and
• Links to the Australian community, including:
  1. Strength, nature and duration of ties to Australia (such as family, friends and community); or
  2. Impact on Australian business interests.

As you can see, Ministerial Direction 90 provides ample opportunity for a lawyer to develop an appeal argument. The tribunal’s decision ultimately turns on the weight it assigns to each consideration and whether it feels the positives outweigh the negative aspects of an applicant’s situation.

In our experience it is important to recognise an appeal’s strengths and weaknesses and focus submissions accordingly. For example, if an applicant has an extensive criminal record there is no value in trying to argue that they don’t. Instead, it is important to acknowledge it and provide an explanation and context for that offending as well as emphasising the positive aspects of their situation – such as family, cultural, or business ties to Australia. The discretion granted to the tribunal offers applicants the opportunity to put their best foot forward.  

Timing

Appeals of Section 501 refusals and cancellations are time sensitive processes, given that the tribunal is required to hand down a decision within 84 days. As such, it is important to be organised, focused, and strategic in where to focus your energy. Do not waste time!

If you do find yourself facing a section 501 refusal or cancellation you need to speak to an experienced immigration lawyer immediately to understand your options. Work Visa Lawyers is happy to discuss your options further, provide an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your case, and give you an indication of whether we consider there to be sufficient grounds to lodge an appeal.

Make an appointment now if you need help on a visa refusal/cancellation appeal.

Author:

Lochlan Reef MacNicol, Lawyer & Registered Migration Agent at Work Visa Lawyers

Do you need help?

Our team of experienced Immigration Lawyers and Migration Agents look forward to assisting you with your Australian visa or appeal.

Based in Adelaide South Australia, we provide Australian Immigration advice to people and businesses from all over the world.

If you require further information regarding your Australia visa options you can contact us through:

(08) 8351 9956 or +61 8 8351 9956 or This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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Disclaimer

This information is correct at the time of publication but is subject to change without notice.  All information provided on this page is provided for purely educational purposes and does not constitute legal advice.  For advice on your situation, please speak with an Immigration Lawyer or a Registered Migration Agent.

An Australian Visa refusal can be devastating for everyone involved and can put your future in Australia in immediate jeopardy and uncertainty. However, your visa refusal does not necessarily mean it is the end of your pathway to Australia.

In this article, we answer some of the most commonly asked questions for applicants that have received visa refusals.

2020 UPDATE for Partner Visa Processing Times is available here: https://www.workvisalawyers.com.au/news/all/2020-australian-partner-visa-processing-times.html

2018 Partner Visa Australian Processing Times For The 801 Visa. Refusals For Partner And Spouse 801 and 820 Visas Increasing. Why Your Partner/Spouse/Family Visa Is Taking A Long Time. 

2018 UPDATE For Partner Visa Processing Times: Increased Partner Visa Refusals for Partner Visa Subclass 801 and Partner visa subclass 820. Partner Visa Application Points Calculator and Changes That Affect Processing Times.

Australia Partner Visas continue to face long processing times and increased scrutiny by the DIBP

A recent query to the Department of Immigration and Border Protection (DIBP) in relation to a 2^nd stage Partner visa (subclass 801) application has resulted in the following response:

“The current processing time for Permanent Partner (subclass 801) visas is 12 to 18 months from your eligibility date.”

The processing times for the Temporary Partner (subclass 820) visas are also listed as 12 to 18 months on the DIBP website.

The eligibility date refers to the date you become eligible for processing of the permanent partner visa, which is usually just before two years after you lodged your initial partner visa application. You can find out if you are eligible by using the DIBP Partner (Permanent) Calculator.

This means that a typical partner visa applicant will have to:

• wait 12 to 18 months before the temporary partner (subclass 820) visa is granted
• wait another 6 to 12 months before you can apply for a permanent partner (subclass 801) visa
• wait another 12 to 18 months before you receive your permanent partner (subclass 801) visa

You will only receive a permanent partner (subclass 801) visa after 36 to 42 months’ (3 to 3.5 years) time!

Welcome to 2017! It was a year full of changes for Australia’s migration policies in 2016. Here is our recap of the significant changes to the migration programme for Australia in 2016 and some of the discussions and ongoing developments for 2017.

The Immigration News in 2016 has been dominated by employer scandals and crackdowns by the Department of Immigration and Border Protection (DIBP).

While it may all sound like doom and gloom, the planning levels for permanent visas continue to be significant. 

The numbers of Australian permanent visas that are granted each year are controlled by planning levels. 

I am going to make comments below about news in relation to a wide range of visas including business, skilled, visitor and family visas.

All you need to know and do when your visa application is refused!

Receiving a refusal notification for your visa application is stressful and places you in a wave of uncertainty. However, quick action is required to resolve your visa status if your visa application was lodged onshore in Australia.

The same can be said if you received a Notice of Intention to Consider Cancellation (NOICC) for your current visa. It is best to quickly address the issues raised in the NOICC, than to challenge the decision to cancel your visa after the decision has been made.

What are the common reasons for a visa application to be refused?

The Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) is the organisation responsible for reviewing decisions made by the Australian government. The Migration and Refugee Division (MRD) is a division under the AAT which reviews Australia visa decisions. Typically applicants and visa holders will submit an application for review when their visa application is refused, or when their Australian visa is cancelled. Additionally the MRD also reviews decisions regarding sponsorship and nomination under employer sponsored visas. Citizenship application decisions are also reviewed by the MRD.

When a decision is being reviewed by the Tribunal one of the following results occur:

• the decision is affirmed (i.e. there are no changes)
• the decision is set aside (i.e. the decision is substituted with a new and different decision)
• the original application (visa/citizenship/sponsorship/nomination) is remitted (i.e. returned) to the Department of Immigration and Border Protection (DIBP) for reconsideration with recommendations by the Tribunal on additional factors to be considered
• the decision is varied

The AAT conducts a merits review which is explained as follows on the AAT website:

“Merits review is an administrative reconsideration of a case. A merits review body makes decisions within the same legislative framework as the primary decision maker, and may exercise all the powers and discretions conferred on the primary decision maker.”

The Tribunal reviews the application afresh and may also consider new evidence or information submitted with the review application.

The AAT is independent of the DIBP and has the powers to review and reverse (set aside) the decisions made by DIBP.

AAT-MRD Statistics for 2015-2016

In the 12 months from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2016 the AAT-MRD received 14,307 applications for review. The reviewed decisions include those for all Australian visas (including bridging visas) and exclude refugee and humanitarian visas.

The majority of the decisions submitted for review are:

• Partner visas (29%)
• Student visas (17%)
• Visitor visas (13%)
• Temporary work visas (11%)

During the same period a total of 12,511 decisions were handed out to active review applications. Out of the 12,511 decisions handed out:

• 37% were set aside
• 44% were affirmed
• 12% were withdrawn
• 7% were not reviewed (no jurisdiction or the review application was not submitted in time)

Other interesting statistics include:

• 46% of Partner visa reviews resulted in DIBP decisions being set aside
• 31% of Student visa reviews resulted in DIBP decisions being set aside
• 51% of Visitor visa reviews resulted in DIBP decisions being set aside
• 26% of Temporary work visa reviews resulted in DIBP decisions being set aside
• 23% of Nomination or Sponsorship approval reviews resulted in DIBP decisions being set aside

Should I submit a review to the AAT for my visa/sponsorship application that was refused?

You can submit a review application only if you are entitled for review rights. The decision to lodge a review application to the AAT depends on the circumstances of the visa/sponsorship refusal. Some of the common grounds for refusals include:

Partner visas – Schedule 3 issues, failure to demonstrate genuine relationship

Student visas – Meeting the Genuine Temporary Entrant (GTE) requirement, lack of financial capacity

457, RSMS and ENS visas – Demonstrating genuine position

Visitor visas – Meeting the Genuine Temporary Entrant (GTE) requirement

At Work Visa Lawyers we will assess the original application and supporting documents submitted and advise if the prospects for review are favourable. The Decision Record received by the applicant will also be studied in detail to identify weak areas of the original application and how we can address them in the review application.

What are my chances of success with the AAT-MRD review?

The chances of obtaining a positive outcome from the Tribunal to set aside a DIBP decision require the following:

- a thorough analysis of the refusal Decision Record

- in-depth knowledge about the visa applied and the requirements

- assessing the applicant’s circumstances and ability to address the issues highlighted by the DIBP delegate when deciding on the refusal

In summary it should be considered whether the applicant can provide better evidence or information that will meet the visa application requirements. If the original application can be improved then the chances for success with the review will be increased.

Applicants with complicated circumstances should also note that submitting an AAT review application is a pathway towards ministerial intervention. You can only request for a ministerial intervention if you have received a decision from the AAT. You should be aware that the Minister only intervenes in a small amount of cases and you should have unique or exceptional circumstances before applying for a ministerial intervention.

You can find out more about ministerial interventions here.

Sources:

1. http://www.aat.gov.au/resources/statistics
2. http://www.aat.gov.au/AAT/media/AAT/Files/Statistics/2015-16/MRD-Detailed-Caseload-Statistics-2015-16.pdf
3. http://www.aat.gov.au/AAT/media/AAT/Files/Statistics/2015-16/MRD-Migration-Caseload-Statistics-2015-16.pdf

This information is accurate on 25 August 2016

Do you need help with an Australian visa application or Review Application?

At Work Visa Lawyers we are experienced in assisting applicants in all matters relating to Australian visa applications. Our areas of expertise include Skilled Migration visas, Business Skills Migration visas, Employer Sponsored Work Visas, Partner and other Family Migration visas as well as the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) Review, Judicial Review and Ministerial Intervention.

If you require further information regarding your Australia visa options you can contact us through:

(08) 8351 9956 or +61 8 8351 9956

or   This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.